Scarred children of Turkish Islamic State terrorists return home

One day more than four years ago, M.K.’s husband told her that he was going to Syria to join the Islamic State (IS) group.

“Muhammed had met some people from his mosque, and started to meet with them outside of the mosque regularly. After that, he changed a lot,” she told Middle East Eye, only using her initials so as to protect her identity.

“He told me to wear a black veil, threw away the television and decided not to send our boy to school. Finally, he told me we should go to Syria together, in order to live in a ‘real Muslim country’. I said no and he left by himself.”

After a few months, Muhammed returned to Turkey, seemingly having changed his mind. For a while, life returned to relative normalcy for the couple and their three-year-old son.

“It was a weekend and my friends were going to visit,” M.K. recalled. “I had to clean the house and cook something for them, so I told my husband to take our son, go out and have fun. He took him without any clothes or toys. I had fun with my friends, called him a couple of times during the day, he said everything was going okay.”

But later, after speaking to her husband’s brothers, she found out the horrible truth.

“All day during these phone calls, he was on his way to Syria with my boy.”

M.K.’s son spent more than three years in Syria before finally being reunited with his mother in December 2017. The young boy was the first of 20 Turkish children of IS fighters to be brought back to the country.

It is believed that some 450 Turkish children under the age of 13 are waiting to be sent back to their relatives in Turkey. But for those who return, the trauma of their experiences under IS rule in Syria and Iraq is deep, and readjustment to life in Turkey has been very difficult.

Turkish intelligence told M.K. that, once in Syria, her husband had married a Turkish woman, F.K., who had joined IS with her two children, kidnapping them from their father. After Muhammed died in a suicide bombing, F.K. was forced to marry another Turkish man with children in Raqqa – leaving M.K.’s son to live with a family to whom he was completely unrelated by blood.

Later, his new stepmother was also killed in a bombardment and the man married again. As a result, M.K’s son has lived with two different stepmothers and two stepfathers in total.

When he was found in the Iraqi city of Tal Afar in 2017, following its liberation by government forces, the last stepmother was parenting him along with all these children. When Iraqi officials found out he had no real parents there, he was sent to an orphanage in Baghdad.

“He didn’t remember me when we met after four years,” said M.K.

“I told him that I was his mother. He was okay with that despite the fact that he didn’t know me. Later, I found out that he had many different mothers and fathers. When we returned back home and he saw his room, his grandparents, he remembered me. He asked me if I was the mother who gave birth to him.”

There are around 1,000 women – 328 of them Turkish – in Iraqi prisons and more than 1,000 children either imprisoned with them or kept in orphanages. Most were in Syria with their husbands or fathers who joined Islamic State (IS), and later fled to Tal Afar after US-led coalition air strikes began in Syria.

In August 2017, nearly 1,700 women and children were captured in Tal Afar by the Kurdish Peshmerga as they were trying to escape fighting between Iraqi forces and IS, not having eaten or drunk for days. They were all taken to Baghdad.

Children who were under 13 years old without parents were sent to orphanages. Some were born in Syria or Iraq and, as a result, did not have identity cards. Some of them were actually Yazidis whose mothers were abducted by IS and who had been taken care of by Turkish women.

M.K. said her son, who is now 7 years old, did not play “normal games” with his friends upon returning to Turkey.

“He goes out, takes a very big rock and throws it at his friend’s head,” she said.

“I was shocked when I first saw that, and asked him to stop. He was surprised because of my reaction. He said ‘I am just playing’ in a very innocent and childish tone.”

She said that she had never asked him what he had been through, but said he sometimes talked about one of his “sisters” dying during fighting, and of the time the house was torn down while him and other family members were still inside.

“There was a scar on his head, I asked him about. He acted like it was very normal and said ‘one of my brothers did it with a knife. I wanted to shoot him and took my father’s gun but I couldn’t fire it, it was very heavy.’”

After this, M.K. decided to seek psychological help for her son, who has since returned to school. After 10 months, M.K. said almost everything had seemed to return to normal.

Her son’s first stepbrother and stepsister in Raqqa, the children of his father’s new wife F.K., were also returned to Turkey in October, 10 months after him. They are now with their father, who F.K. left, and paternal grandparents, in Tekirdag.

Their grandmother, H.K., told MEE that she still couldn’t believe her daughter-in-law had kidnapped them.

“I loved my daughter-in-law very much. She was such a great mother. She then told her husband that she wanted to go join IS in order to live under ‘sharia’ law. We thought she was joking. But one night, she left with my grandchildren,” she said.

“We then heard that she was married to a man with a boy from Duzce and within a year, she died, leaving my grandchildren and that boy motherless.”

They did not hear from their grandchildren until after their mother was dead. Her third husband remarried after she died, and that woman reached out to F.K’s family.

“A woman called us more than a year after she left. That woman, who never cut ties with her friends and family in Turkey, found us with the help of those people in Turkey. She told us all the story and that our grandchildren were alive and healthy. We were so happy.”

The woman who called them was forced to go to Syria by her late husband, and was trying to escape to the border. She is now in jail in Baghdad, while H.K.’s two grandchildren were taken from jail back to Turkey.

“My granddaughter was two years old, my grandson was four. My grandson always talked about us to that woman, that’s why she decided to find us. When they returned, he immediately remembered us. But my granddaughter is only seven years old now and tries to adapt to her new life here.

“They were raised in a violent environment for four years, they suffered a lot at a very young age. They only told us they were so hungry and couldn’t even find water for a long time before they were found by Peshmerga in Tal Afar. They can’t forget them, but don’t tell us all the details. I can’t ask them, they need psychological support to return back to their normal lives.”

H.K. said she couldn’t send her grandchildren to school since she didn’t trust how they would behave with their friends.

After being found in Tal Afar, 19 Turkish children were placed in orphanages in Baghdad, with 17 of them so far sent back to relatives in Turkey. Turkish officials say it is more difficult to identify and return children back to Turkey when they are held alongside their mothers in prison – in part due to the difficulties in obtaining permission from Iraqi authorities to enter the prisons.

Out of the 328 Turkish women in jail in Baghdad, 77 have received the death penalty. Their families have appealed the sentences and have called for them to go on trial in Turkey, which abolished the death penalty in 2004, instead of Iraq.

Iraqi authorities have not allowed the families of the women in jail to contact them, so some have resorted to bribery.

A number of Turks such as, H.C., whose sister and nieces are still in jail Baghdad, managed to contact their imprisoned relatives through a bribed prison guard.

Source: MEM